How Many Years is Tourism in the Philippines:The Philippine Tourism Authority in 1973, so it can be considered to be around 50 years old as of 2023.
Introduction
Background of Tourism in the Philippines
The Philippines, a country boasting more than 7,000 islands, is known for its breathtaking natural beauty. With a tropical climate and a rich cultural heritage, it’s a prime destination for tourists around the world.
Early Beginnings
The emergence of tourism in the Philippines dates back to the early 20th century. Tourism started to gain traction during the American colonial period, where scenic spots like Baguio were promoted.
Historical Overview
The history of tourism in the Philippines is a reflection of its rich cultural heritage and diverse influences. Below are different eras that have shaped the country’s tourism industry.
Pre-Colonial Period
Before the arrival of European colonizers, the Philippine archipelago had its own flourishing trade and travel practices.
Key Highlights
- Local Trade Routes: Indigenous peoples engaged in trading with neighboring Asian territories.
- Cultural Exchanges: Interactions with regions like China and Malaysia influenced local customs and traditions.
- Community Living: Early societies had communal living arrangements, reflecting the collective spirit that is still prominent in many local cultures today.
Spanish Colonization
The Spanish colonization from 1565 to 1898 brought significant changes to the country, including in travel and tourism.
Key Highlights
- Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade: This connected the Philippines to Mexico and brought foreign goods and influences.
- Religious Tourism: Spanish colonization introduced Catholicism, leading to religious pilgrimages and the establishment of historical churches.
- Infrastructural Development: Roads and bridges were built, connecting various parts of the archipelago.
American Era
The American era (1898–1946) further shaped the tourism landscape of the Philippines.
Key Highlights
- Educational and Health Tourism: Establishment of American-style schools and hospitals attracted travelers seeking education and healthcare.
- National Parks: The creation of national parks like the Mount Apo park fostered eco-tourism.
- Transportation Improvements: Enhanced transportation systems made travel more accessible and comfortable.
Post-War Tourism Development
After World War II, the Philippines embarked on an era of tourism development.
Key Highlights
- Tourism Act of 1956: This established the Philippine Tourist & Travel Association, paving the way for organized tourism development.
- International Recognition: The Philippines began hosting international events, gaining global recognition as a travel destination.
- Resort and Hotel Development: The growth of luxury resorts and hotels catered to international tourists, further boosting the tourism industry.
Growth and Development of Tourism
Early Growth Factors
The growth of tourism in the Philippines can be traced back to various early factors that played an integral role in shaping the industry.
Transportation Improvements
Improved transportation networks, including road construction and better air connectivity, facilitated travel within the country. Landmarks such as the opening of Manila International Airport played a crucial role in welcoming international travelers.
Promotion of Natural and Cultural Attractions
The government and private sector invested in promoting the natural beauty and rich cultural heritage of the Philippines. From the stunning Mayon Volcano to historic sites like Intramuros, various attractions were highlighted to lure tourists.
Investments in Infrastructure
Building hotels, resorts, and other tourism-related infrastructure created a welcoming environment for tourists, and increased the country’s capacity to host large numbers of visitors.
Modern Tourism Policies
The government of the Philippines has implemented various policies to promote and sustain tourism.
The Tourism Act of 2009
This landmark legislation provided a legal framework for sustainable tourism development, focusing on responsible resource usage and community involvement.
The National Tourism Development Plan (NTDP)
The NTDP outlines strategies for promoting Philippine tourism, targeting both domestic and international markets. Key areas include marketing, destination development, and investment promotion.
Eco-Tourism and Sustainability Measures
Promotion of eco-friendly practices and sustainability measures ensure the protection of natural resources, maintaining the appeal of the Philippines’ beautiful landscapes.
Contribution to GDP and Employment
| Year | Tourism Contribution to GDP (%) |
|---|---|
| 2015 | 10.6 |
| 2016 | 11.0 |
| 2017 | 11.7 |
| 2018 | 12.3 |
| 2019 | 12.8 |
Major Tourist Destinations
| Region | Destination | Activities | Average Cost (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luzon | Intramuros | Historical Tours | 10 |
| SM Mall of Asia | Shopping | Varies | |
| Manila Ocean Park | Aquarium Visit | 20 | |
| El Nido | Island Hopping | 30 | |
| Puerto Princesa | Underground River Tour | 40 | |
| Coron | Dive & Snorkel | 50 | |
| Visayas | White Beach | Sunbathing, Swimming | Free |
| Bulabog Beach | Windsurfing | 50 | |
| D’Mall | Shopping | Varies | |
| Oslob | Whale Shark Watching | 50 | |
| Sinulog Festival | Cultural Experience | 20 | |
| Kawasan Falls | Canyoneering | 35 | |
| Mindanao | Mount Apo | Trekking | 100 |
| Philippine Eagle Center | Wildlife Experience | 10 | |
| Davao Crocodile Park | Animal Encounters | 8 | |
| Cloud 9 | Surfing | 20 | |
| Sugba Lagoon | Kayaking | 15 | |
| Magpupungko Rock Pools | Swimming | 5 |
Impact of Tourism
Tourism in the Philippines has a profound effect on various aspects of society, culture, environment, and economy. Understanding these impacts can help in devising strategies to maximize benefits and minimize negative effects.
Socio-Cultural Impact
Tourism has both positive and negative socio-cultural impacts on the Philippines.
Positive Effects
- Cultural Exchange: Interaction with international tourists fosters understanding and appreciation of different cultures.
- Revival of Traditions: Many communities in tourist destinations, like Vigan, revive and preserve their local traditions, customs, and crafts.
- Community Development: Tourism often leads to local development by enhancing public services and infrastructure.
Negative Effects
- Cultural Erosion: Sometimes, excessive tourism can lead to the loss or commercialization of cultural identity.
- Social Issues: Issues like overcrowding and inflated living costs in tourist areas can affect local residents.
Environmental Impact
Tourism’s impact on the environment is another crucial aspect to consider.
Positive Effects
- Awareness and Conservation: Eco-tourism initiatives promote awareness and contribute to the conservation of natural sites like the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park.
- Funding for Protection: Entrance fees and other tourism revenues can be channeled into protecting and maintaining natural areas.
Negative Effects
- Pollution and Degradation: Improper management can lead to pollution and degradation of natural sites, threatening biodiversity.
- Resource Strain: High tourism demand can put strain on local resources like water and energy.
Economic Impact
The economic implications of tourism are vital for the growth and stability of the Philippines.
Positive Effects
- Contribution to GDP: As previously detailed, tourism significantly contributes to the Philippines’ GDP, reflecting its importance to the economy.
- Employment Opportunities: Tourism creates a variety of job opportunities, including in sectors like hospitality, transportation, and retail.
- Foreign Exchange Earnings: Tourism is a major source of foreign exchange earnings, boosting the country’s financial reserves.
Negative Effects
- Economic Dependence: Overreliance on tourism can make the economy vulnerable to global trends and events.
- Inflation in Tourist Areas: Increased tourism demand can drive up prices for goods and services, affecting local residents.
Strategies for Sustainable Tourism
Sustainable tourism in the Philippines aims to balance the demands of tourism growth with the need to protect the environment, local culture, and community welfare. This complex objective can be achieved through different strategies.
Eco-Tourism Initiatives
Eco-tourism encourages responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being of the local people.
Advantages of Eco-Tourism
- Environmental Preservation: Ensures that destinations like the Chocolate Hills remain unspoiled for future generations.
- Local Economy Support: Profits are more likely to stay within the community, benefiting local businesses and families.
- Educational Opportunities: Visitors learn about the local ecosystem and the importance of preserving it.
Implementation Strategies
- Certification Programs: Establishing standards and certification for eco-friendly accommodations and tours.
- Education and Training: Educating tourists and training local guides on responsible travel practices.
Government Regulations and Support
Government plays a pivotal role in enforcing regulations and supporting sustainable practices.
Regulatory Measures
- Zoning Laws: Implementing zoning laws to control the development of tourist facilities in sensitive areas.
- Waste Management Regulations: Enforcing strict waste management guidelines to prevent pollution.
- Wildlife Protection Acts: Implementing acts to protect endangered species and habitats.
Government Support
- Funding: Providing funds to develop eco-tourism infrastructure and conserve natural sites.
- Promotion of Sustainable Practices: Using media campaigns to promote responsible tourism among both local businesses and tourists.
- Collaboration with NGOs: Partnering with NGOs like WWF to implement conservation programs.
Community Participation
Local community involvement is essential for making tourism more sustainable and socially responsible.
Community Involvement Benefits
- Cultural Preservation: Communities can preserve and showcase their unique traditions and culture.
- Economic Empowerment: Local involvement ensures that revenue stays within the community.
- Environmentally Friendly Practices: Locals are more likely to invest in sustainable practices that protect their environment.
Strategies to Enhance Community Participation
- Community-Based Tourism Projects: Promoting projects that are owned and managed by the community.
- Capacity Building: Training local people to take on roles in the tourism industry, such as guides or business owners.
- Feedback Mechanisms: Creating channels for community input into tourism planning and development.